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web or app in Mobile ?

 
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所谓web,指的是通过浏览器登录到web网站上,享受网站提供的服务;
所谓app,就是指application,即将服务以application的形式呈现在手机端;(做Mobile的人都喜欢用App这个缩略词,至于原因,有一个有趣的解释:“Apps” is short for “applications“, apparently everything needs to be short in the mobile online web 2.0 age.)
这个问题是说,如果你想开发一个和Mobile有关的服务,应该采取web的方式接入还是做成一个application?

第一次意识到这个问题,是看了Steven Jobs关于IAd发布会的视频。Jobs提出,在Mobile上App会取代search。在日常的Desktop使用中,人们很多时候都是通过search找到相应的服务,search engine(比如google)成为了一个互联网的接入点。但是在Mobile上,search的操作会很麻烦,更好的方式是用App,一个服务对应于一个App。正是基于这个理念,Iphone上绝大部分的服务都是App,而大量的App也成为了Iphone的特点和优势。
举例来说,想看天气预报,在Desktop环境下,你会打开一个搜索引擎网站,然后搜索“北京 天气预报”,但是在Iphone里,你会安装一个“天气预报”的App,然后打开这个App,找到“北京”这个城市(可能都不需要找,因为Iphone可以扑捉你的位置信息,自动的将北京的天气预报呈现给我),然后显示天气。
在Jobs的观点和上面的例子中,search这个词和我最初的问题中的“web”所表示的概念是非常类似的,即通过浏览器来访问得到需要的服务。所以Jobs的观点,App在Mobile环境下占主导地位。
离开Iphone,把视野再放大一些。你会发现,在大部分的智能手机平台上,App已经成为了主流。衡量一个手机好坏的标准之一就是它能够下载到的App的数量。同时,对于那些流行的web应用,比如facebook(我才发现CCTV将这个词翻译成了“脸谱”....),比如Google Map,它们在手机端都提供了相应的App。
这其实是一个非常有意思的现象。因为无论是facebook还是Google Map,它们都是我们非常非常熟悉的web应用。在平日,我们可能每天都会通过浏览器登录到这些网站来获得相应的服务。但是,当环境变成了Mobile,Facebook或者Google Map并没有做一个针对手机浏览器登录的web页面,相反,它们都被做成了App。比如Facebook在Iphone,Andorid,WindowsMobile和Symbian上都有对应版本的App,不仅如此,它还和很多手机厂商合作,将这个App预装到了手机中。一言蔽之,facebook希望Mobile的用户通过它提供的App来访问和享受服务。我想,这个例子更加佐证了在Mobile环境中,App要优于Web。


那么,接下来的问题就是为什么会这样?
我曾经看过一篇非常有意思的blog 。这blog并不是什么名人写的,但它之所以吸引我是因为写文章的这哥们曾经开了一个创业公司,专门提供服务,将现有的网站转换成适合mobile浏览的网站。而这哥们写这篇文章的目的就是要告诉大家,他的公司要倒闭了。而他关闭公司的原因是因为“I don't actually believe in the Mobile Web anymore”。我归纳起来,其实就是用户体验不好,用Mobile浏览网页的用户体验不好。不过作者并没有说清楚到底是什么地方导致了用户体验上的差异,这也是我现在困惑的一个问题。
另外一篇我认为有价值的文章标题叫做“The Web Is Dead. Long Live the Internet ”,作者“Chris Anderson”,也是长尾理论的提出者。标题很唬人,内容也有噱头。不仅仅是在Mobile环境中,甚至对于整个Internet,作者认为Web都会渐渐消失。而这个结论背后的含义是指,Internet的开放,公平,百花齐放的时代已经结束了,它将进入一个封闭的时代,由互联网的一些大鳄所把持。整篇文章的逻辑错综复杂,感兴趣的人可以自己看看。
当然,并非所有的人都对Web持消极态度。有个google的哥们就辩解道 ,虽然现在App占了上风,但是,根据过去历史的发展规律(在Desktop时代,也是先有App,但渐渐地Web取代了App),Mobile Web技术将不断成熟,Web将重新夺回失去的领地。而被寄予厚望的就是HTML5 + CSS3。由于我对HTML5也不熟,所以就不予评论了。
结尾总结一下,我个人的观点是,无论将来两者之间会是怎样的一个竞争状态,但至少在当前阶段和未来的一段时间内,App在Mobile环境中还是占据了主导地位,所以,想做移动互联网应用,还是应该优先采用App的方式。

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